Apparatus for evaporating liquids.



E. HART. APPARATUSFOR'EVAPORATING LIQUIDS.

Amie/um mizn wov, 15.1912.

' Patented Jan. 29, 1918.

Ill

- have shown, only elli l concentrating" the purpose Application filed November 15. 1917.

To all whom 2'25 may concern:

Be it known that l, EDWARD HART, a cit-izen of the United tltates. residing at Eeston, in the county of Northampton and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain. new and useful lmlirovements in Apparatus for E nporating Liquids, of which the following is a "full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to eva iiorating or liquids. particularly acid liquids. and its chief object to provide for a simple and ellectivc apparatus which can be constriu-ted and operated at low cost. To this and other ends the inventioo consists of the novel features and coinbinations lnzreinafter described.

A convenient and etiicicnt embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanvine' drawing. in which Figure l. is a side View, with part of the setting, broken away to show the arrangement oi the line or passage for the products of combustion.

Fin. 9 is a plan View.

Fig. 3 is a cross section. about on the plane indicated by the line lll-. ll at the right of Fig.

lln the apparatus illustrated the evaporation taltes plaeo in a "ph'zralitv P series of horizontal evaporators lO. ll. rrangzed end to end but on I abovethe other in cascade. the several series (if more than one series is emplirved) being? located side by side. ll two evaporators in each series, but it will be undl *stood that the precise number is in general immaterial and depends upon the specific use for which a par ticular apparatus is constructed. lit the liquid to he evaporated acid the evaporators or vessels 10. 11. which are in the torn"; of elongated cylindrical tubes. aromatic of or at leastv lined with suitable re stant material. in most cases glass is' the hot and in the long: run cheapest for the purpose. The upper evaporator-s are provided at their Front ends with overflow pipes 19 leading from a point about IflldWltV between the top and bottom of the tube. The overflow pipes discharge into the next lower ci'aporatois. and the. lowest evaporatm's are provided with similar overflow pipes .13 d into a transverse manifold 14: loo: front of the furnace and provided 2 escape pipe l l it will thus be seen. the liquid in the several. evapor tors rise no higher than. the "on A ll tillfill'fi FC'Et EVAPORATING LIQUIDEJ'.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Serial No. 302.189.

keeping the evaporators no more than about half full and atl'ording ample vapor The evaporator-s are also formed with ope lugs. as 15, for the Free escape of vfapor and for the introduction of the liquid. The lot ter is delivered to the. uppermost evapora by means of pi pes which may he connet ed to a manit'old (not shown) so that will receive liquid from the same source. to Each pipe 16 is provided with a valve it? permitting the liquid supply to be accurately regulated.

The furnace 18 is preferably of rnasonrj'. and at its top is built with a shallow, flat line 19 cmistructed in as many levels as there are transverse rows of cvaporators, as clearly shown in Fig. l. The fine is open at. the top but is provided with a plurality of iron sue porting: bars 20. which are arranged lent tudinally to support the evaporators and are eushioned. as are also the edges oil t Flue. by means of strips 21 of non-combos w ble tell or heavy paper. composed prelcraltiljl oi asbestos. laid loosely in place.

The li re box or crate chamher dis-- charges the products of combustion into the trout eml oi the line. through which. latt r the heated eases pass to the stack rear end of the line. The stack may he tell. so that the draft produced will be adequate to prevent eseapeoi": smoke and gases from the spaces between the evaporators in case such spaces are not perfectly, sealed by the asbestos cushions 20.

The imoration will be readily understood. 'lhe. more or less dilute liquid enters the up permost evaporators at a rate somewhat Faster than it can he evaporated. The e11".- eess escapes into the next lower evaporators 95 ot' the cascade and is finally delivered to the manifold 14. whence it is discharged by the pipe .14 into any suitable receptacle, not shown. The. evaporators heingr elmigrated the liquid entering at one end of an evcpora tor has ample opportunity to mix thoroughly with the liquid (more or less concentrated) in the evaporator.. before the overflow pipe at the opposite end is reached. The time ouch mixing is important. and is due to set eral factors. First. the liquid entering on? rrivcn evaporator is somewhat cooler t the liquid therein. thus causing a tend ot the incoming); liquid to sinlr. tglect convection currents are active and rap. cause oi the heath of the hottoins effect eff evsooration the so E ii lt ll Third, when boiling is permitted the ebullition agitates the liquid more or lesi strongly. The result is that if the supply y way of thepipes 16 is properly regulated the liquid in each evaporator is thoroughly homogeneous by the time it reaches the outlet pipe, so that the liquid escaping is no more and no less concentrated than the liquid remaining.-

The evaporators and the receiving manifold at the end are simply laid on their supports and the discharge orifices of the supply and outlet pipes are free, so that any of the several vessels can be easily removed and replaced. While the total quantity of liquid in the system may be quite large, the quantity in any particular vessel may be relatively small. Breakage of a vessel is thus not the serious matter that it is in the case of a large receptacle, and replacement of a broken part is correspondingly cheaper and easier.

If desired a dome may be arranged over the apparatus to collect the escaping vapors, but such provision is a well known expedient and hence need not be illustrated.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific construction herein illustrated and described but can be embodied in other forms without departure from its spirit as defined by the'following claims.

I claim:

1. In an evaporating and concentrating apparatus, in combinatlon, a furnace having an elongated open-topped flue, a plurality of evaporators of elongated tubular form connected in cascade series and closing the top of said flue, and means for continuously supplying liquid to be evaporated to the upper end of the series in regulated amount.

2. In an evaporating and concentrating apparatus, in combination, a plurality of elongated tubular evaporators arranged horizontally in cascade series and provided at the top with liquid inlet and vapor escape openings, connecting pipes between the evaporators and arranged to maintain a body of liquid in each with vapor spaces above the liquid, means for supplying liquid to the upper end of the series, means for collecting the more or less concentrated liquid delivered at the lower end of the an elongated open-topped flue, a plurality of supporting bars arranged longitudinally of said flue, non-combustible cushions on said bars, and elongated tubular evaporators resting on the cushions with their bottoms exposed and removable independently of each other.

l. In an evaporating and concentrating apparatus, in combination, a furnace having an elongated open-topped flue, a plurality of supporting bars extending longitudinally of the flue, end .to end and in transverse rows, one row above the other, non-combustible cushions on the bars, a plurality of elongated tubular cvaporators arranged in a plurality of cascade series and resting on said cushions with their bottoms exposed to the flue, means at the upper end of the cascade scrics for supplying liquid to be evaporated, and means at the lower end of the series for collecting the more or less concentrated liquid.

5. In an evaporating and concentrating apparatus, in combination, a plurality of elongated tubular, evaporator-s arranged in transverse rows one row above another with the evaporators of one row alincd with those of the row below, the evaporators being provided with vapor escape and liquid inlet openings in their tops; means for delivering liquid to be evaporated in regulated amounts to the appropriate openings in the uppermost evaporators; pipes connecting the outlet ends of the evaporators of one row to the inlet ends of the cvaporators in the row next below, said pipes being arranged to receive liquid at points above the bottoms of the evaporators whereby to maintain bodies of liquid therein with vapor spaces above such liquid bodies; similar pipes similarly arranged for discharge of liquid from the lowermost row of evaporators; a receiving vessel for collecting the more or less concentrated liquid discharged from the last-mentioned pipes; and means for heating the evaporators.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

EDWARD HART. 

